After decades of speculation and study, an international team of researchers has uncovered the genetic basis of blood type AnWj, first identified in 1972. This discovery, led by experts from NHS Blood and Transplant and the University of Bristol, marks the addition of a 47th blood classification system known as HAD. This major advance allows more accurate identification and treatment of patients with this unusual blood type who could face serious health complications if they receive incompatible transfusions.
THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE DISCOVERY
The AnWj antigen was originally detected in the blood of a pregnant woman, noting the absence of the molecule that was present in all other red blood cells acquaintances. For years, the genetic cause of this rarity remained hidden, presenting a constant challenge to scientists. A study to be published in a journal “Blood” of the American Society of Hematology revealed that the AnWj antigen is associated with the Mal protein and its presence or absence results from specific variations in the MAL gene.
The identification of the genetic basis of AnWj is not only a major scientific achievement but also has profound medical implications. More than 99.9% of people are AnWj positive, but for those rare individuals who are AnWj negative, this discovery allows the development genotypic tests specific measures that can prevent serious adverse reactions during blood transfusions.
This new blood group system expands our understanding beyond known systems ABO and Rh. Antigens on red blood cells, which vary greatly between individuals, are key to ensuring compatibility in transfusions. It is essential to avoid detection of variations of these antigens immune response which can be fatal.
ADVANCED AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS
With this discovery, scientists can now offer not only a deeper understanding of the genetics of human blood, but also better medical protocols for treating patients and blood donors with negative AnWj characteristics. This advance not only satisfies a long-standing scientific curiosity, but also creates new avenues for safety and efficacy blood transfusion.
